Regions can be dry or wet, with as little as 20 centimeters (8 inches) to as much as 1,027 centimeters (404 inches) of annual rainfall. The Achatinella apexfulva now joins hundreds of snail species that have vanished from the Hawaiian islands over the last several decades, University of Hawaii Professor Emeritus Michael Hadfield said. Oahu tree snails — any of 41 species belonging to the genus Achatinella — were once so common on the eponymous island that they factored into Hawaiian folklore and songs. O‘ahu is the most developed and populated island in the Hawaiian chain. Now, only 11 species can be found in the Aloha State, where the creatures live at elevations of more than 1,300 feet in mountainous dry to wet forests and shrublands. Generally, A. mustelina attaches itself to leaves at the tops of native trees and shrubs such as Metrosideros polymorpha , Dubautia plantanginea , Myrsine lessertiana , Pisonia sandwicensis , Antidesma platyphyllum and Nestegis sandwicensis . George was approximately 14 years old and his name was derived from the Pinta Island Galapagos tortoise, “Lonesome George,” also the last of its species. A Hawaiian tree snail named George, the last known member of the species Achatinella apexfulva, died on New Year’s Day. DISTRIBUTION: Currently, O‘ahu tree snails are restricted to remnant native forest on the highest ridges of the Ko‘olau and Wai‘anae ranges on the island of O‘ahu. + 64 app. When I told Kenji Suzuki what I found, he told me that A. abbreviata is thought to be extinct with the last individual seen in the 1960’s. Terrestrial Habitat(s): Forest - Hardwood, Shrubland/chaparral Habitat Comments: Found in mountainous (above 400 m elevation), dry to wet forests and shrublands on the islands of Oahu. Currently, lands managed by the State of Hawai‘i, the U.S. Military, and The Nature Conservancy support populations of O‘ahu tree snails. For the snails, the worst culprit is the rosy wolfsnail, introduced to the island to eliminate another pest, the giant African snail. A captive breeding program at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa supports at least two species, A. apexfulva and A. fuscobasis, that are extinct in the wild. — This genus of tree snails is endemic to Hawaii, and all extant species are endangered. The combination of trade winds and mountainous islands means there are a wide variety of climate zones. Before Achatinella apexfulva‘s demise, the species occupied forests ranging between 1,000 to 1,500 feet in the mountains of O’ahu, Hawaii’s most populous island.Invasive species, which had been unwisely introduced to the island, wiped out most of the species. Achatinella apexfulva was the first of over 750 species of land snail from the Hawaiian Islands to be described by western science. The island of O'ahu has forty-one listed endangered species of land snails (although many of these are probably already extinct) and in fact the entire genus of Achatinella is listed as endangered.

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